Evaluación del comportamiento higiénico en colmenas maternas de Apis mellifera en un centro de cría de reinas
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Abstract
One of the most important aspects in the world beekeeping is the fight against Varroa mite. This parasite has forced the beekeepers to the employment of chemical and others derived for his control what has caused the appearance of residuals in the products obtained from the bees, harming the economy of not few. Lately beehives are looked for that they resist naturally to the infestation, and one of the mechanisms that expresses this resistance is the Hygienic Behaviour. With the objective of determining this characteristic in the maternal beehives of a Queen breeding Center was carried out this work. It was worked in crop time, among the 24 and 29 of December of the 2000. The 5 existent maternal beehives were used, homogeneous as for strength and quantity of bodies (strong and with 1 body), fed artificially with syrup of sugar in the proportion 1:2 sugar/water, and they were applied the Hygienic Behaviour Test by the freezing method (Spivak, 1996), being calculated the percent of cleaning that carried out the bees. A single observation was made at the 48 hours of having begun the experiment. As a result it was obtained that of the 5 beehives, 3 cleaned more than 95% of the cells, 1 cleaned 91.3% and the one that achieved this in smaller quantity made it in 82.93%, being achieved a very good hygienic behaviour in those that cleaned more than 95% of the cells according to Spivak and Downey, (1998) and not so good in the two remaining. It was concluded that these 3 beehives have well expressed the gene of cleaning, and completing their function of maternal, queens obtained from them transmit this characteristic to their descendants and increased this characteristics in production beehives. The others that cleaned less than 95% of the cells, should be substituted for others that in foresaw Hygienic behaviour test achieve it.
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